Apparatus for automatically justifying type



(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 1.

P. F. 00X. APPARATUQ FOR AUTOMATICALLY JUSTIFYING TYFE. No. 528,857.

' Patented No'vp'6, 1894.

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(No'ModeL) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

P. P. 00X. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIGALLY JUSTIFYING TYPE.

Y Mr c/Ymr% W r W Patented Nov. 6

u. Q a A \UM F .u. m r l m; mam PETERS c0 wuoruumaw WASHINGTON n cUNITED STATES PATENT OFF-Ion.

PAUL FLEMMING COX, BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO THE COX TYPESETTING MACHINE COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY JUSTIFYING'TYPE SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 528,857, dated November 6,1894. Application filedMarch 5, 1894. Serial No. 502313. (No model.)

To all whom it mayconcern:

Be it known that I, PAUL FLEMMING COX, of Battle Creek, in the county ofCalhoun and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Apparatus for Automatically Justifying Type; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact'description thereof, reference being bad to the accompanyingdrawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which formpart of this specification.

This invention is an improved means and apparatus for automaticallyjustifying type, adapted to be used with type setting machines, andespecially in connection with the improved type setting machine shown inmy application for Letters Patent filed March 21, 1894, Serial No.502,099. r

The principal object of the invention is to provide means whereby eachline of type can be mechanically justified. In the machine shown in myapplication aforesaid, and in many other type setting machines, thetypes are composed or assembled in a long receiving channel and eachline is spaced out and j ustified by hand, generally a second operatorbeing employed for this'work. The present invention will obviate theneed of the assistant operator, and relieve the single operator of allmanual justifying of the lines, this being accomplished very rapidly bythe mechanism under his control, saving much time and consequentlygreatly increasing the rapidity or capacity of the machine. 7

In connection with this invention the ordinary straight spaces arediscarded and instead thereof laterally yielding spaces are used whichnormally will separate adjoining types or words more than is necessary,but can be compressed laterally to about the thickness of ordinaryspaces, thereby allowing a mechanical automatic j ustification of thecomposed matter as hereinafter fully described.

In this invention every line is primarily over-spaced when first set;each space being bent or corrugated to such an extent that its width isequal to or in excess of the'width of the widest or en space of the typefont, while the thickness of the body of the corrugated space beforebeing bent and when straightened out, is equal to the average or eventhin space. Thus a line set out will over run one, two or three types,or a syllable perchance, but the total yielding capacity'of the bentspaces exceeds the over run width and most perfectly justified. Thecompressible spaces are to be made of any suitable non-resilientmaterialsuch as lead, which when once compressed will retain its formand will not spring back and destroy the justification of the line afterthe compression is 7o removed therefrom.

In the drawings I have shown a complete attachment for a type settingmachine where- 'in the types after alignment can bemechanicallyjustified by the depression of a lever,

then the line automatically moved up against previously composed matterby the operation of another lever; and the compensating spaces made anddelivered by the depression of another lever, so that the operator ofthe 80.

machine will not have to handle the types or spaces-at all.

The invention consists, first, in means for automatically producingcompressible self justifying spaces as needed in connection with a typesetting machine; second, in means 'for shifting the justified line outof the way,

and finally the invention further consists in novel details ofconstruction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and set goforth in the claims.

Referring to the drawings:-Figure 1 represents a detail view of aportion of the machine shown in my aforementioned application, showingthe composing'and justifying 5 devices, and means for making the selfjustifying spaces. Figs. 2 and 3, and 4 and 5 illustrate lines of typebefore and after justification. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are details of thespace making device.

This lateral compression can be 60 Fig. 9 is a part side view and partsectional view of Fig. 1. Fig. 10 is a detail view of the rule devices.Figs. 11 and 12 are detail views of the cam blocks for regulating therise and fall of the rule.

The type setting machine indicated in the drawings is constructed likethat shown and described in my application for Letters Patcut abovementioned,the types being ejected feet foremost upon endless carrierbelts A, a, by which they are directed into a chute B, through whichthey pass into a race-way C, which opens directly into the side of agalley D, mounted upon a supporting bracket d, and slightly inclinedsidewise, and lengthwise, to facilitate the movement of the typetherein. The types fall into the race-way feet foremost directly infront of a vibrating loader or setter E, which is mounted on a rockshaft 6, and vibrated back and forth by means of a rod 6 (having afriction roll e engaging a cam A on the shaft of one of the wheels Acarrying the belt A), and a spring E as shown, the cam positivelyrocking the setter inward so that it forces the type into the galley,and the spring retracting it so as to allow other type to drop inposition to be thereby moved into the galley.

Detailed description of the mechanism for ejectingthe types,anddelivering them to the setter, is unnecessary herein, not being part ofpresent invention.

As the type enter the galley they pass between the end of a plunger orsliding block F, and a rule f, attached, to the plunger by horizontallevers f, whi h are pivoted near their rear ends to ears F, F, at thesides of the plunger. The rule normally stands just opposite the innerend of the plunger, and sufficiently removed therefrom to permit theentrance of a line of type therebetween, and the plunger is normallyheld in such position in the galley that the space between it and therule forms a prolongation of the race way and the types are movedtherein by the setter as indicated in the drawings. An adjustable slideD may he slipped in between the plunger and rule at the commencement ofeach line, and gradually forced out by the incoming types so that when aline is completed it will be out of the way, and the plunger and rule,with the line of type therebetween can be moved longitudinally of thegalley so as to move the justified line out of the way; the line beingjustified as hereinafter described. As the plunger is moved forward inthe galley the rule is lifted up, until it is clear above the types, andis kept in such position until it is moved back with the plungersufficiently, to clear the type. It then drops behind the line of type,and the plunger and rule move back to first position for the receptionof another line of type. This movement of the rule is effected by meansof fixed cam blocks G, secured on the sides of the galley, having camraces 9 on their inner faces which are engaged by rollers f on the rearends of levers f. As the plunger moves forward these rollers ride downthe cam grooves, and consequently cause the elevation of the rule, andas the plunger moves back the rollers ride u p the grooves and the ruleis lowered. The plunger is moved downward by means of a crank lever l-Ifulcrnrned at its bend, one arm of the lever engaging the plunger, andthe other arm can be depressed by hand, or, (by means of a rod H whichconnects with a treadle not shown), by foot. A spring h is arranged torock the lever ll so as to bring the plunger back to normal position.

The justifying devices.

In the drawings is shown a device for making the self adjustingorjustifying spaces. These consist of a pair of small corrugating rolls1, I, journaled in a suitable framing Z attached to the side of theframe above the chute B. On the shafts of these rolls are intergearedpinions 11", i, one of which meshes with a driving gear J looselymounted on a shaft K journaled in the framing Z parallel with the rolls.On one face of said gear is a ratchet J which is engaged by a pawl 7c ona crank arm K affixed to shaft K, which shaft is rocked by means of apitman L c011- nected to one end of a crank arm K on the shaft K, and atthe other end to a key lever M, fnlcrumed below the frame, and which canbe depressed by hand so as to rock shaft K and thereby impart a rotarymovement to rolls I. A spring L returns the lever, pitman and rockshaft, to normal position when the key lever is released. Below therolls I is a shearing blade z'which is moved forward by means of afinger K on shaft K, said finger engaging normally with a latch 71 onthe blade, which is held in engagement with the finger by a spring '1?as shown. The blade is normally retracted by a spring 71.

Above the rolls is a reel or spool N carrying a metallic ribbon S fromwhich the spaces are made. The ribbon S is led between the rolls I, bywhich it is fed downward and simultaneously bent or crimped as shown. Ateach depression of key lever M the rolls are turned to draw a length ofribbon S from the reel sufficient to make a space. Upon the firstmovement ofshaft K the finger K throws the blade 1 forward, severing apreviously fed and crimped length of ribbon, and the further rotation ofthe rock shaft causes the finger to disengage latch t", and blade t'isthrown back to normal position while the rolls are rotated and fedforward another length of ribbon sufficient for aspace. When the rockshaft moves back to normal position the rolls are not affected, andfinger K re-engages IIO the latch t which yields to permit its passing ithrough into the race-way'in the desired position between the setterEand the last word awaiting to be spaced or separated from the next wordor syllable.

Fig. 1 shows an over set line of type ready for proper justification,said line being over spaced to the extent of four letters. By means of alever P and a link p (which loosely embraces the setter, so as not tonormally interfere with the working thereof), the setter can be forciblydrawn into contact with the last letter of the line, and by furtherpressure it will compress the line of type straightening the yieldingspaces more or less until the line will be reduced to the desired lengthto lit the galley, into which it is then shifted by the plungermechanism above described. Where the setter is positively operated thelever P might be dispensed with, as the setter will itself space andjustify the line by compressing the yielding spaces as each of thefinishing letters of the line are composed and subsequently crowded backinto the galley by the setter.

Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5illustrate various conditions of lines spaced andcompressed. Fig. 2 shows an over spaced line and Fig. 3 shows the sameline compressed until it is the desired length, although the yieldingqualities of the spaces are not exhausted. Fig. 4 shows an over spacedline with yielding spaces, and Fig. 5 shows the same line compresseduntil the yielding spaces are fully straightened. These figuresillustrate the amount of variable spacing that may be attained in thesame line'when spaced with our yielding spaces and compressed asdesired.

Obviously the space making devices/may be operated by stop mechanismthat is simply tripped by pressing a key, also the spaces could be madepreviously and used as desired, or handled like ordinary types, and usedwith ordinary spaces, with beneficial effect also, though of courselessening the adjustability of the composed line.

With ordinary spaces if the line should be filled out in the middle of anon-divisible word, or one or two letters short, the operator has toseparate types, and lead out the line, or remove thick spaces, andsubstitutethinner ones, but when using the yielding spaces, if the lineis-filled out by an incomplete word or syllable, the word can becompleted, and the line solidified or condensed by pressure, as abovedescribed. As the spaces are alike compressible after pressure isapplied to a line the several words and syllables will be found spacedequally, instead of irregularly,

as would be necessary in ordinary hand justification.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with mechanism for composing type and spaces in line,of mechanism for forming laterally compressible spaces and deliveringthem as needed to the composing devices during the setting op erationwhereby the line may be subsequently mechanically justified by linealcompression, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination in a type setting machine, of mechanism for makinglaterally compressible spaces as needed to space the words during thesetting operation and mechanism for lineally compressing the line whencompleted, thereby mechanically justifying the line by the yielding ofthe spaces, substantially as described.

3. The combination in a type setting machine, of the receiving galley,the plunger and rule therein, between which the composed types are movedin line, with mechanism whereby when the line is completed the plungerand rule can be moved lengthwise of the galley so as to set the line oftype out of the way, and mechanism whereby the rule is automaticallyshifted from front to rear of the line of type, substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination of the galley, the plunger therein,the rule attachedto the plunger, the devices for automatically raising and lowering therule as the plunger is reciprocated in the galley, and means fordirecting a line of type into the galley, between the plunger and rule,substantially as described.

5. The combination in a type setting machine, of mechanism for composingtype charactors, and laterally compressible spaces, and mechanism formaking such spaces, and for lineally compressing the line whencompleted, thereby mechanically justifying the line by the compressionof the spaces, and mechanism whereby the justified line may be moved outof the way of the next succeeding line, substantially as described.

6. The combination in a type setting machine of the galley, mechanismfor setting and aligning type and directing the same into the galley,aplunger and rule between which the incoming line of type is received,and mechanism for moving the line when completed forward in the galley,and simultaneously shifting the. rule from front to rear thereof,substantially as set forth.

7. In a type setting machine the combination of the type settingmechanism, with mechanism for making spaces and delivering them to thesetting'mechanism as needed during the setting up of a line,substantially as described.

8. In a type setting machine the combination with type settingmechanism,of a mechanism for making yielding compressible fspaces at thewill ofthe operator, and delivering them to the setting mechanism asneeded during the setting up of a line, substantially as described.

9. In a type setting machine the combination with type settingmechanism, of a mechanism for making yielding spaces at the will of theoperator, and delivering them to the setting mechanism, and means forlineally compressing the lines of type when completed whereby the lineis automatically justified by the yielding of the spaces, substantiallyas specified.

10. The combination with mechanism for composing type, of a pair ofrolls, and a shearing device, a keylever and connections whereby uponthe depression of said lever the shear and rolls are operated, to severa space and means for delivering such space to the composing devices,substantially as set forth.

11. In combination with the composing mechanism of a type settingmachine, of a space making mechanism consisting of means for feeding aspace ribbon and means for severing it into suitable lengths for spaces,a key, and connections whereby upon the depression of a key a space issevered and delivered to the composing devices, substantially asdescribed.

l2. The combination of the feed rolls, the driving gear thereof, itsratchet the rock shaft carrying a pawl engaging said ratchet, and meansfor rocking said shaft, with a shear blade, and means for operating itfrom the rock shaft, at the initial movement of the latter, and forretracting the blade immediately after it has operated, substantially asdescribed.

13. The combination of the feed rolls, the driving gear thereof, mountedon arock shaft and carrying a ratchet, the pawl mounted on said rockshaft, engaging said ratchet, and the key lever and connections forrocking said shaft; with the shear plate, the spring controlled latchthereon, and the finger on the rock shaft engaging said latch,substantially as described.

14. The combination in a type setting machine, of the type settingdevices, with a space strip feeder, and mechanism for corrugating andsevering spaces from said strip and delivering them to the settingmechanism at the will of the operator, substantially as described.

15. The combination in a type setting machine of mechanism for settingtype; a key and mechanism for making spaces from a ribbon, whereby uponthe depression of said key a space is severed and delivered to thesetting mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

16. In a type setting machine, the combination of mechanism fordelivering type to a race-Way, a galley for receiving the type from therace-way, a setter for forcing the type into the galley, and a mechanismfor making and delivering yielding spaces to the setting mechanism asrequired in the composition of matter; with mechanism for lineallycompressing the line of type when completed thereby mechanicallyjustifying it by reason ofthe yielding of the spaces and mechanism formoving the justified line out of the way, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I afiix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

PAUL FLEMMING COX.

Witnesses:

J. L. COX, W. S. LEONARD.

